Irritable bowel syndrome (also called IBS) is a gastrointestinal problem in developed countries, affecting up to 15% of adults at some point in life. This syndrome is a functional disorder, meaning that the tests performed reveal no alteration or damage to the structure of the intestine, such as an obstruction or a tumor. Irritable bowel syndrome is a motor disorder whose clinical manifestations are altered bowel habits, abdominal pain presence and absence of a detectable disease process. Although it shares many symptoms with her irritable bowel syndrome differ from inflammatory bowel disease in which inflammatory processes are not observed in any of the intestinal structures.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders most often: it is estimated that between 10 and 15% of the population suffer, with women more likely than men.

Etiopathology

Traditionally, IBS has been considered as a condition of visceral hypersensitivity (with their associated symptoms of abdominal discomfort and pain) and motor function alterations (with the corresponding diarrhea or constipation). However, changes in motor function do not explain the alternating or mixed disease. Some authors suggest that these abnormalities are secondary to a psychological disorder.

Some of the factors that may be important in the development of irritable bowel syndrome are:

Infections: There is some evidence that subjects who have experienced a Salmonella gastroenteritis have an increased risk of developing IBS in the next 12 months

Inflammation: there is also some evidence that some patients classified as having irritable bowel syndrome show some subtle inflammatory component or pre-inflammatory. For example it has been a change in peripheral cytokine profiles (including an abnormal ratio of IL-10/IL-12 interleukins. Also some full thickness laparoscopic biopsy of the jejunum were detected infiltration of lymphocytes in the myenteric plexus and intraepithelial lymphocytes

Dysregulation of serotonin, the neurotransmitter is present in abundance in the enterochromaffin cells of the intestine and is the most important regulator of intestinal peristalsis and sensory transmission. Currently there are two lines of evidence indicate that irritable bowel syndrome is altered serotonergic regulation. In irritable bowel syndrome with constipation-predominant, the release of serotonin in plasma is reduced.

In irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal motility in fasting or in response to an injection of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) or the food is altered compared with healthy subjects. In particular, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal contractions are comprehensive, also increasing the intestinal intraluminal pressure to 550 mm Hg or more, coinciding in time with abdominal pain, as opposed to 250 mm Hg or less measured in healthy volunteers

Genetic factors: Studies in twins and families suggest a genetic predisposition, although so far not been able to identify any gene associated with this disease

Psychological factors: social psychological factors seem to have a great importance in the irritable bowel syndrome, although it is unknown how these factors may affect gastrointestinal function. You may also be the opposite to be the digestive dysfunction that modulates the central processes. Thus, the evidence shows that sexual abuse in children or adults are associated with irritable bowel syndrome, is also often frequent the presence of anxiety and depression. Some have defined irritable bowel syndrome as a somatic disorder, although there is no unequivocal evidence of a pathophysiological relationship

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