What is IBS?
Cause of IBS, which is more accurate name ‘Irritable bowel syndrome’ (IBS) is a chronic, relapsing, characterized by the existence of abdominal pain and / or changes in bowel habits, with or without a feeling of abdominal distension , without showing a change in the morphology or intestinal metabolism or infectious causes for so doing. It has also been called nervous colitis, spastic colitis or spastic colon. All these names are now considered erroneous and incomplete.

Cause of IBS

To date, no known mechanism to explain why patients with irritable bowel symptoms suffer from these chronic and relapsing. From a general standpoint, the most accepted and proven is that there are alterations in motility and / or digestive sensitivity, influenced by psychological factors. In addition, others have proposed various changes that could also influence the disease: gastroenteritis, food intolerances, hormonal and genetic factors.

Irritable bowel symptoms
Digestive symptoms are pain and abdominal bloating and altered bowel habit.

Abdominal pain is usually diffuse or localized in lower abdomen, usually not irradiated, crampy, or stabbing oppressive generally mild or moderate intensity, lasting less than two hours, which relieved after defecation and usually respect the dream. The beginning or the presence of abdominal pain is commonly associated with the urge to defecate or changes in frequency or consistency of bowel movements and often, the patient relates his start with the intake of some food.
Alterations in bowel may present with predominance of constipation or diarrhea, or alternatively diarrhea-constipation. Abdominal distention and bloating are developed progressively throughout the day and are referred to as “excess gas”. Are frequent early satiety after eating, nausea, vomiting and burning chest (heartburn).
Other symptoms include a feeling of incomplete evacuation and mucus in the stool.

IBS Diagnostics
The diagnosis is based on a thorough medical history with a complete physical examination, which will guide us towards the possibility of being a irritable colon. Then, to complete the diagnosis is suspected, we perform several additional tests that we rule out any organic pathology (diagnosis by exclusion). These additional tests may include general and specific analysis of blood, urine and feces, abdominal imaging studies with and without contrast, abdominal ultrasound and sigmoidoscopy / colonoscopy. Depending on the symptoms and the patient’s age, determine in each case the most appropriate tests for diagnosis.

IBS Treatments
It should provide the patient with adequate and understandable information about the characteristics of their disease, especially its chronic and benign prognosis of the same. Establishing a good patient-doctor relationship will promote the development and decrease the number of queries. We must not underestimate the patient’s discomfort, as their symptoms are real. Once the patient has understood his illness and was able to answer all your questions, you can start different treatments depending on the nature and intensity of symptoms. The possibilities currently available include:

Lifestyle modifications, temporarily avoid those foods and beverages that trigger or worsen your symptoms (toxic as snuff, alcohol and stimulants such as coffee, producing excess gas, etc.).. Advise the physical exercise appropriate to their age and avoid a sedentary lifestyle. If constipation is predominant will be advised to increase fiber intake (fruits, vegetables, cereals, salads, …)

Drugs: only when the severity of symptoms indicates, aimed at controlling the predominant symptom and for a limited period of time. Inhibitors may be spasms (antispasmodics), motility stimulants (prokinetic), antidiarrheals, laxatives, antidepressants and anxiolytics.
Other: psychotherapy, acupuncture and hypnotherapy.

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